Biography of Catherine Howard, Queen of England

Catherine Howard (c. 1523–February 13, 1542) was the fifth wife of Henry VIII. During her brief marriage, she was officially the Queen of England. Howard was beheaded for adultery and unchastity in 1542. Fast Facts: Catherine Howard Known For: Howard was briefly the Queen of England; her husband Henry VIII ordered her to be beheaded for adultery.Born: 1523 in London, EnglandParents: Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce CulpeperDied: February 13, 1542 in London, EnglandSpouse: King Henry VIII (m. 1540) Early Life Catherine Howard was born in London, England, sometime around 1523. Her parents were  Lord Edmund Howard  and  Joyce Culpeper. In 1531, through the influence of his niece Anne Boleyn, Edmund Howard obtained a position as comptroller for Henry VIII in Calais. When her father went to Calais, Catherine Howard was placed in the care of Agnes Tilney, Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, her fathers stepmother.  Howard lived with Agnes Tilney at Chesworth House and then at Norfolk House. She was one of many young nobles sent to live under Agnes Tilneys supervision—and that supervision was notably loose.  Howards education, which included reading and writing and music, was directed by Tilney. Youthful Indiscretions About 1536, while living with Tilney at Chesworth House, Howard had a sexual relationship with a music tutor, Henry Manox (Mannox or Mannock). Tilney reportedly struck Howard when she caught the two together. Manox followed her to Norfolk House and tried to continue a relationship. Manox was eventually replaced in young Howards affections by Frances Dereham, a secretary and relative. Howard shared a bed at the Tilney home with Katherine Tilney, and the two were visited a few times in their bedchamber by Dereham and Edward Malgrave, a cousin of Henry Manox, Howards former love. Howard and Dereham apparently did consummate their relationship, reportedly calling each other husband and wife and promising marriage—what to the church amounted to a contract of marriage. Manox heard gossip of the relationship and jealously reported it to Agnes Tilney. When Dereham saw the warning note, he guessed it had been written by Manox, which implies that Dereham knew of Howards relationship with him.  Tilney again struck her granddaughter for her behavior and sought to end the relationship. Howard was sent to court, and  Dereham went to Ireland. At Court Howard was to serve as a lady in waiting to Henry VIIIs newest (fourth) queen, Anne of Cleves, soon to arrive in England. This assignment was probably arranged by her uncle, Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk and one of Henrys advisors.  Anne of Cleves arrived in England in December 1539, and Henry may have first seen Howard at that event. At court, she caught the kings attention, as he was quite quickly unhappy in his new marriage. Henry started courting Howard, and by May was publicly giving her gifts. Anne complained of this attraction to the ambassador from her homeland. Marriage Henry had his marriage to Anne of Cleves annulled on July 9, 1540. He then married Catherine Howard on July 28, generously bestowing jewelry and other expensive gifts on his much-younger and attractive bride. On their wedding day, Thomas Cromwell, who had arranged the marriage of Henry to Anne of Cleves, was executed. Howard was publicly made queen on August 8. Early the next year, Howard began a flirtation—perhaps more—with one of Henrys favorites, Thomas Culpeper, who was also a distant relative on her mothers side and who had a reputation for lechery. Arranging their clandestine meetings was Howards lady of the privy chamber, Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, widow of George Boleyn who had been executed with his sister Anne Boleyn. Only Lady Rochford and Katherine Tilney were permitted into Howards rooms when Culpeper was present. Whether Culpeper and Howard were lovers or whether she was pressured by him but did not acquiesce to his sexual advances is unknown. Howard was even more reckless than to pursue that relationship; she brought her old lovers Manox and Dereham to court as well, as her musician and secretary. Dereham bragged about their relationship, and she may have made the appointments in an attempt to silence them about their past. Charges On November 2, 1541, Cranmer confronted Henry with the allegations about Howards indiscretions. Henry at first did not believe the allegations. Dereham and Culpeper confessed to their part in these relationships after being tortured, and Henry abandoned Howard. Cranmer zealously pursued the case against Howard. She was charged with unchastity before her marriage and with concealing her precontract and her indiscretions from the king before their marriage, thereby committing treason. She was also accused of adultery, which for a queen consort was also treason. A number of Howards relatives were also questioned about her past, and some were charged with treasonous acts for concealing her sexual past. These relatives were all pardoned, though some lost their property. On November 23, Howards title of queen was stripped from her. Culpeper and Dereham were executed on December 10 and their heads displayed on London Bridge. Death On January 21, 1542, Parliament passed a bill of attainder making Howards actions an executable offense. She was taken to the Tower of London on February 10, Henry signed the bill of attainder, and she was executed on the morning of February 13. Like her cousin Anne Boleyn, also beheaded for treason, Howard was buried without any marker in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula. During Queen Victorias reign in the 19th century, both bodies were exhumed and identified, and their resting places were marked. Jane Boleyn, Lady Rochford, was also beheaded. She was  buried with Howard. Legacy Historians and scholars have struggled to reach a consensus about Howard, with some describing her as a deliberate troublemaker and others characterizing her as an innocent victim of King Henrys rages. Howard has been depicted in a variety of plays, films, and television series, including The Private Life of Henry VIII and The Tudors. Ford Madox Ford wrote a fictionalized version of her life in the novel The Fifth Queen. Sources Crawford, Anne.  Letters of the Queens of England, 1100-1547. Alan Sutton, 1994.Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII. 1993.Weir, Alison.  The Six Wives of Henry VIII. Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

Howard Gardners Theory of Multiple Intelligence

The next time you walk into a classroom full of students leaping mid-air, painting passionately, singing soulfully, or writing madly, its likely you have Howard Gardners groundbreaking  Frame of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences  to thank. When Gardners theory on multiple intelligences came out in 1983, it radically transformed teaching and learning in the U.S. and around the world with the notion that  there is more than one way to learn —  in fact, there are at least eight! The theory was a huge departure from the more traditional banking method of education in which the teacher simply deposits knowledge into the learners mind and the learner must receive, memorize and repeat.   Instead, Gardner broke open the idea that a disengaged learner might learn better by using a different form of intelligence, defined as a biophysical potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create products that are of value in a culture. This defied the previous consensus on the existence of a single, general intelligence or g factor that could be easily tested. On the contrary, Gardners theory posits that each of us has at least one dominant intelligence that informs how we learn. Some of us are more verbal or musical. Others are more logical, visual, or kinesthetic. Some learners are highly introspective while others learn through social dynamics. Some learners are especially attuned to the natural world whereas others are deeply receptive to the spiritual world.   Gardners 8 Intelligence   What exactly are the eight types of intelligence  posited in Howard Gardners theory? The seven original intelligence  are:   Visual-Aesthetic  learners think in terms of physical space and like to read or visualize their words.  Bodily-Kinesthetic  learners are keenly aware of their physical bodies and like creative movement and making things with their hands.  Musical  learners are sensitive to all kinds of sound and often access learning through or from music, however, one may define it.  Intrapersonal  learners are introspective and reflective. They learn through independent study and self-guided experiences.  Interpersonal learners learn through social interaction with others and enjoy group dynamics, collaboration, and encounters.Linguistic learners love language and words and enjoy learning through verbal expression.Logical-Mathematical  learners think conceptually, logically, and mathematically about the world and enjoy exploring patterns and relationships.   In the mid-1990s, Gardner added an eighth intelligence:   Naturalistic  learners have a sensitivity to the natural world and can easily relate to plant and animal life, enjoying  patterns found in the environment.   Theory in Practice: Multiple Intelligences in the Classroom For many educators and parents working with learners who struggled in traditional classrooms, Gardners theory came as a relief. While a learners intelligence was previously questioned when he or she found it challenging to grasp concepts, the theory pushed educators to recognize that each student has myriad potential. Multiple intelligences served as a call to action to differentiate learning experiences in order to accommodate the multiple modalities in any given learning context. By modifying the content, process, and expectations for a final product, teachers and educators can reach learners who otherwise present as reluctant or incapable. A student may dread learning vocabulary through test-taking but lighten up when asked to dance, paint, sing, plant, or build.   The theory invites a great deal of creativity in teaching and learning and over the last 35 years, arts educators, in particular, have used the theory to develop arts-integrated curricula that acknowledge the power of artistic processes to produce and share knowledge across core subject areas. Arts integration took off as an approach to teaching and learning because it taps artistic processes not only as subjects in and of themselves but also as tools for processing knowledge in other subject areas. For example, a verbal, social learner lights up when they learn about conflict in stories through activities like theater. A logical, musical learner stays engaged when they learn about math through music production.   In fact, Gardners colleagues at Project Zero at Harvard University spent years researching the habits of artists at work in their studios to discover how artistic processes may inform best practices in teaching and learning. Lead researcher  Lois Hetland and her team identified eight Studio Habits of Mind that can be applied to learning across the curriculum at any age with any kind of learner. From learning to use tools and materials to engage with complex philosophical questions, these habits release learners from the fear of failure and focus instead on the pleasures of learning.   Are There Limits to Containing Multitudes?   Multiple intelligences invite limitless possibilities for teaching and learning, but one of the biggest challenges is determining a learners primary intelligences in the first place. While many of us have an  instinct about how we prefer to learn, being able to identify ones dominant learning style can be a lifelong process that requires experimentation and adaptation over time.   Schools in the United States, as a reflection of society at large, often place imbalanced value on linguistic or logical-mathematical intelligence, and learners with intelligence in other modalities risk getting lost, undervalued, or ignored. Learning trends like experiential learning, or ‘learning by doing’ attempts to counter and correct this bias by creating the conditions to tap as many intelligence as possible in the production of new knowledge. Educators sometimes lament a lack of partnership with families and note that unless the theory extends to learning at home, the methods don’t always hold in the classroom and learners continue to struggle against stacked expectations.   Gardner also warns against labeling learners with any given intelligence over another or implying unintended hierarchies of value among the eight types of intelligence. While each of us may lean toward one intelligence over another, we also have the potential to change and transform over time. Multiple intelligences applied to teaching and learning contexts should empower rather than limit learners. On the contrary, the theory of multiple intelligences radically expands our immense and untapped potential. In the spirit of Walt Whitman, multiple intelligences reminds us that we are complex, and we contain multitudes.   Amanda Leigh Lichtenstein is a poet, writer, and educator from Chicago, IL (USA) who currently splits her time in East Africa. Her essays on arts, culture, and education appear in Teaching Artist Journal, Art in the Public Interest, Teachers Writers Magazine, Teaching Tolerance, The Equity Collective, AramcoWorld, Selamta, The Forward, among others. Visit her website.

Critical Value Of Analytics The New Science Of Winning...

According to Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning, the critical value of analytics is important in today’s forward-looking enterprises, especially in a new data age. Every company and organization should strive to become an analytical competitor. Competing on Analytics reveals how companies think about their data and their exploitation of that data. Also, it highlights how companies such as the Boston Red Sox, Netflix, Amazon.com, CEMEX, Capital One, and Harrah’s Entertainment use analytics to build their competitive strategies and make better decisions in the severe competition. These companies and organizations use analytics to identify the most profitable customers, accelerate product innovation, optimize supply chains and pricing, and leverage the true drivers of financial performance. Four pillars of analytics competition According to Thomas H. Davenport and Jeanne G. Harris, there are four pillars of analytical competitions: 1) a strategic, distinctive capability; 2) an enterprise-level approach to and management of analytics; 3) senior management commitment; 4) Large-scale ambition (24). In support of a distinctive capability, the companies set themselves apart from their competitors, and make themselves successful in the market with their significance (Davenport, and Harris, 24). For example, Netflix views predicting customers’ movie preferences as its primary focus for analytics activity. Analytics are managed and usedShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Successful Business Analytics Program? Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesNow, in this presentation, my topic is What does research tell us about how to create a successful business analytics program? And What realistic expectations should we have concerning the predictive capability of business analytics. At the end of 20th century, Fortune magazine published an article named â€Å"Why CEOs Fail† (Charan Colvin 1999). It said â€Å"The problem is that our age’s fascination with strategy and vision feeds the mistaken belief that developing exactly the right strategy will enableRead MoreAnalysis Case On Use Of Business Analytics Framework1345 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Moneyball† Analysis Case Study on the Use of Business Analytics Framework† Dheeraj Dwivedi School of Professional Studies, Northwestern University, Spring 2016, Section 58 â€Æ' â€Å"Moneyball† Movie Analysis Case Study on the Use of Business Analytics Framework â€Å"Moneyball† movie is about the war between intuition and statistics. I would start my analysis with one of the many interesting quotes in the movie. â€Å"The problem we re trying to solve is that there are rich teams and there are poorRead MoreBusiness Intelligence : The Pension Reform Act 20141834 Words   |  8 Pages1. DESCRIBE YOUR COMPANY S POSITION AND ABILITY TO COMPETE ON ANALYTICS. My company is an international organization that deals with pensioners’. As Pensioners, you work for fifty [50] years according to the pension reform act, and as a State staff you can retire by sixty years. Ref. Nigeria Pension Reform Act 2014. As a pension industry, it is important to be analytic in all we do. We also need the ability to use data extensively either statistical or quantitative analysis, predictive modelsRead MoreImplementation Of Web Analytics Maturity Model Essay2661 Words   |  11 Pagesand INFORMATION SCIENCES SERVICE RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT ONE Semester 1, 2015 Implementation of Web Analytics Maturity model on Trademe.com ï‚ § Aim: Case study on trademe.co.nz using web analytics maturity model which overcome the pros cons of the online customer service system. ï‚ § Abstract: In this case study, we are defining a scenario as a client where Trade Me which is New Zealand’s giant and how online auction transaction is improvised by using Web Analytics. Clients siteRead MoreGender Differences In A Market With Relative Performance Feedback Analysis1014 Words   |  5 PagesOrganization, vol. 83, no. 1, June 2012, pp. 158-171. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2011.06.020. â€Å"Gender differences in a market with relative performance feedback: Professional tennis players† by David Wozniak makes the argument that with new research and analytics, women tend to be less competitive than men, shown through professional tennis players. He provides examples and data of professional tennis players to understand if there is a gender competitive gap and why it exists. This source is usefulRead MoreBuilding A Great Web Experimentation Testing Program1122 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to an article â€Å"Build A Great Web Experimentation Testing Program† of Avinash Kaushik who is the author of Web Analytics 2.0: The Art of Online Accountability and Science of Customer Centricity, there are 7 recommendations of how to build a successful testing program: 1. First get over your own opinions: If we are running the program it is important that first we get over yourself. If we are going to convince everyone else that testing and validating opinions should be a way of lifeRead MoreBusiness Analytics3015 Words   |  12 PagesContent Business Analytics Part 1. What Business Analytics is: The Basics I.Introduction History of Analytics Types of analytics Domains within analytics Part 2. How Business Analytics can be used to gain advantage in a competitive marketplace Benefits of Business Analytics to an organization for competitive advantage A Case study of competing on analytics Conclusion Business Analytics Part 1. What Business Analytics is: The Basics Introduction Business analytics, in a nutshellRead MoreCompeting On Analytics : The New Science Of Winning Essay2059 Words   |  9 PagesCompeting on Analytics In today’s environment, it is extremely difficult to use former strategies that have worked in the past for the reason that they are no longer feasible or likely to succeed. It can be assumed that in today’s competitive environment, few companies have breakthrough products or services. For this reason, most of the competitive strategies companies are using today involve improving key business processes for which data analytics comes into play. The first five chapters of CompetingRead MoreThe Principles Of Goal Setting Applied1388 Words   |  6 Pages(HIM) and informatics professionals who work in morethan 40 different types of entities related to our nation’s public health and healthcare industry.The Roadmap is aimed at building â€Å"an interoperable health IT ecosystem† and calls for â€Å"work in 3 critical pathways: (1) Requiring standards; (2) Motivating the use of those standards through appropriate incentives; and (3) Creating a trusted environme nt for the collecting, sharing, and using of electronic health information.†(p. 4)These efforts alignRead MoreThe Rise Of Big Data Analytics Essay2363 Words   |  10 Pagesbig data analytics has affected the 21st century American economy and businesses in many positive ways. One area where it is lagging, however, is the healthcare industry. For years, America has paid more for healthcare than any other country on Earth. This can be attributed to a number of reasons, but a large factor among these is the inefficiency of the current healthcare system and its failure to adapt to cost-saving analytics like other industries have. That is where big data analytics can step

Republican Motherhood Free Essays

Kaley Ganey and Allie Linaugh October 15, 2012 Stuart Harmening APUSH The Republican Motherhood and Education for Women The republican motherhood was essentially the beginning of the new era for women. Before, women were not allowed to go to school, and we not educated as they were thought to belong in the home. Before the late eighteenth century, their role was to God and the care of the home and their children. We will write a custom essay sample on Republican Motherhood or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, Enlightened thinkers knew that it was the role of the mother to make sure her sons morals and values were in pace, and also they knew the future of the United States was dependent on mothers. For these reasons, the education of women became more important and more accepted. Women were responsible for instilling proper values, and an education in the principles of liberty and government into their sons. What didn’t make sense was, women were not educated well enough, sometimes they were able to write their names, and read small stories, but not all the time. During the late eighteenth century, the idea of educating women became more and more practical. If a woman were to educate their children, the future leaders and government officials of America, shouldn’t the woman be well educated themselves? After much thought and consideration, it was believed that women should be taught to read, write, do simple math, and also should be knowledgeable about the English language. With their education, women were better able to educate their sons, which was better for the country in the long run. People justified the education of women by saying that it was a woman’s duty to her country to educate her sons; therefore she should be educated as well. Putting the responsibilities of children in the hands of the women essentially put the future of America in their hands. The women were the ones filling the heads of children with knowledge, and teaching them how to better serve their country. How to cite Republican Motherhood, Essay examples

One life ends, Another begins free essay sample

Your father came home handcuffed to a black briefcase. In it were papers regarding the Cuban Missile Crisis. He was a colonel, so bizarre things like this were normal to you. He’d come home late in the evenings after dinner tired and worn: the same look you had when you realized you wouldn’t be here forever. Your father raised you to be resilient and self-reliant: that the only person who could help you was yourself. You took matters into your own hands when someone gave you problems; at one of your highschools the military police had to board the bus on a daily basis to check everyone for knives; another time you were wrongly blamed to have slashed the hood of a teacher’s car. You learned to put up with things no normal kid would have been able to. It was not all that bad though. You said the 1960’s were great because of the music and the fact that you were still a kid. We will write a custom essay sample on One life ends, Another begins or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You got to visit all your cousins spread out all over the Midwest before they grew up and went on with their own lives—one of them becoming a senator of Missouri. Of course, you grew up too. On the day of your graduation, your father wordlessly tossed an empty suitcase unto your bed. His stern gaze told you to leave. You joined the army. You said you, like everyone else, were brainwashed. The sergeants who screamed at you on a daily basis came out of the Second World War mentally scathed, and they were preparing the next generation for Vietnam. They said you were going to fight for your country, and you believed them. You were in the top three of your army recruiting class, and the three of you chose to stay behind for additional training to become a paratrooper instead of going straight to the jungle. You liked parachuting out of B-17 bombers. You and your fellow paratroopers would jump into the sky, being met with the sight of the Earth below. The sunrise projected rays of red, orange and yellow across the quiet atmosphere. All of you could enjoy the silence. From up there, you couldn’t see walls, borders, or colors of skin. You couldn’t see the conflict on the ground. In the end, rare and beautiful moments like that had to come to a close, and you were transferred to another base for more training. The base you were transferred to was integrated. Integration should have been the beginning of the end of racism, but it wasn’t. Your experience at this base should have propelled your career to new heights. Instead, your life in the army was near its end. The soldiers there were undisciplined and violent. They came at each other with killing knives if they were even slightly irritated. You also saw some interactions that made you feel sick. Your family raised you to believe that everyone was equal, but not everyone had the same beliefs as you. Once you passed by someone’s tent and heard screaming. You knew what was going on, but you continued walking while maintaining an expression of indifference. Later, you looked in a mirror and piddled with one of the pins on your uniform. Did you really want all this? Did you even want to go to Vietnam? Many of the ones who came back were missing limbs, and their eyes were devoid of life. You remembered what that man had looked like: his face mutilated to the point of not looking human. And all for what? You resigned with an honorable discharge and even turned down a chance to work at the Whitehouse. You wanted to leave that life behind you, but I think you never did. Sometimes you would have a grim expression on your face whenever we watched something like â€Å"Full Metal Jacket† or â€Å"Windtalkers.† The small hint of emotion behind your eyes proved that your past life never left you. Your father was in the hospital, and you decided to visit him to see how he was despite your rough relationship with him. You stood in the doorway, waiting to get his attention, and you regretted it. â€Å"What the hell are you doing here?† He had said to you. You left quietly and refrained from visiting him for a long time. In 1995 you married someone who didn’t have the same skin color as you. One day you waved to your neighbors with your spouse at your side, and they didn’t wave back. They also didn’t speak to the gay couple living next door, but you did. You talked to everyone—not caring if they were strange or not. You found that strange people tend to have more interesting lives than others. You had two kids. One is now in college, and the other is still in highschool. You think about them in your hospice bed. You would have preferred your death to be quick, but at least you had enough time to think of your family. You had the time to go over every detail of your life before you shut your eyes completely. You’ve been through and seen some crazy things—too much to list. You hid most of them from me because you did not want me to become like you. But I am. See you in the next life, dad.

Diabetes And Pregnancy Essays - Diabetes, Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes And Pregnancy Deciding to have a child is one of the most important decisions of people's lives. Diabetes is a very serious disease. It attacks million people around the world many of them women. These women one day may be thinking about having a baby. Numerous precautions must be taken by women during pregnancy. Special safeguard must be taken by women with diabetes. These precautions need to be taken due to birth defects. "An estimated 1.5 million women of child-bearing age in the United States have diabetes. A diabetic pregnancy is one of the leading causes of birth defects." (Henderson pNA) Diabetes can strike at any age and can occur in anyone. Although it is not exactly known for sure about the what causes it. Diabetes is believed to do with the body's own immune system attacking and destroying insulin producing cells in the pancreas. There are two forms of Diabetes, Type I diabetes, also called insulin dependent diabetes. The second form, Type II diabetes, or non insulin dependent diabetes. Before insulin was introduced women with diabetes were told that pregnancy was not for them. It is true that in the past, pregnancy did present major problems for women with diabetes. In the pre-insulin era, "Many diabetic women died before the child bearing age and those that survived were often infertile." (Ellenberg 696) Their babies did not often survive. When insulin became available in the 1920's, pregnancies became more common with diabetic women. Yet, the number of successful pregnancies remained far below that of women who did not have diabetes. Today Tabarez 2 the news is good, It is now known that the key to a healthy pregnancy for women with diabetes is tight blood glucose control. The goal of tight control is to keep blood glucose levels as close to non-diabeteic or normal as possible. Although the rate of successful pregnancies among women with diabetes has improved, there are still some problems with to be concerned about. "Pregnant women are who are insulin dependent Diabetic are more likely to deliver children with birth defects and more likely to deliver stillborn then the general population. They also have a much higher rate of miscarriages." (Casson I.F. 275) We now know that many birth defects are related to the mother's blood glucose control during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. What is important to note is that many women may not even know they are pregnant at this time. For women who have diabetes or with any pregnancy, the solution to this problem is obvious. You must plan ahead for your pregnancy. If you are a diabetic and don't already practice good diabetes control regularly, your priority should change. "Patients with pre existing diabetes require intensive insulin therapy before conception and during pregnancy. Glucose self monitoring assists in achieving near normal glucose levels during pregnancy." (Pasui, K. 273) Women should maintain good blood glucose control three to six months before she plans to become pregnant. Another problem that rarely occurs is stillbirth. The baby dies before birth, still births used to occur more frequently among women with diabetes. But now, with care and good diabetes control the chances for still births are low. One more problem , called jaundice, is common among all babies. But increase more so among those born to women who have diabetes. Jaundice is a yellowing of the skin caused from a waste Tabarez 3 product. Before birth the baby needs a large supply of red blood cells. However, at birth the baby no longer needs this supply. The baby's body will work through the liver to break down and excrete the old red blood cells. If the baby's liver is not mature enough, it may have trouble handling this work load. The broken down red blood cells are called bilirubin. Instead of being excreted, bilirubin is deposited in the baby's tissues. Bilirubin is what colors the skin yellow. Babies with jaundice are sometimes treated by being exposed to special lights. The lights help break down and get rid of bilirubin. "Treatment of the problem is usually by photo therapy but exchange transfusions may be necessary." (Hollinssworth, D.R. 266) But high levels of bilirubin becomes toxic. A baby might need a blood transfusion, but the chance of this happening is rare. Finally, as women consider pregnancy, they must realize that managing diabetes during pregnancy is time-consuming and expensive. There will be more doctor visits, special tests, more frequent blood glucose testing, and more insulin injections each day. There will also be more time away from work.

Bald Eagles And Golden Eagles Essays - Eagles, Bald Eagle

Bald Eagles And Golden Eagles Essays - Eagles, Bald Eagle Bald Eagles and Golden Eagles Eagle is the common name for a number of diurnal birds of prey, some of which are the largest members of their family which also includes kites, hawks, buzzards, and certain vultures. The name eagle is somewhat loosely applied, as several of the groups are not particularly closely related to one another, and some birds called hawks are larger than some called eagles. The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) and the Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos) are two eagles that have several of the same characteristics and have several different ones as well. The Bald Eagle is the only eagle species living strictly in North America, and has a presence in every state in the US except Hawaii. Young (immature) Bald Eagles are light gray when hatched, and turn dark brown before leaving the nest at about 12 weeks of age. During their third and fourth years, Bald Eagles have a mottled brown and white color under their wings and on their head, tail and breast. The distinctive white head and tail feathers do not appear until they are 4 to 5 years old. Bald Eagles range from about 29-42 inches long, and can weigh between 7-16 pounds, and have a wingspan of 6 to 8 feet. This makes them one of the largest birds in North America. Bald Eagles residing in the northern US are larger than those that reside in the south. They have a life span of up to 30-40 years in the wild and longer in captivity. Bald Eagles are monogamous and remain faithful to their mate until death. Females lay one to three eggs annually, and the incubation period is approxim! ately 35 days. Only about 50% of Eagles hatched survive the first year. Strong endangered species and environmental protection laws, as well as active private, state and federal conservation efforts have brought back the USA's Bald Eagle population from the edge of extinction. There are now about 4500 nesting pairs and 20,000 total birds in the lower 48 states, and there are over 35,000 Bald Eagles in Alaska. America's Bald Eagles are back in strong numbers today, but they are still a "threatened" species in the lower 48 states. Breeding season last from November to April. Bald eagles mate for life and use the same nest each year. They build a huge nest (aerie) of sticks and twigs in a tree, or on rocky cliffs and average in size of 2 feet deep and 5 feet across. The nest takes weeks to construct and is increased yearly. Eventually some nests reach sizes of more than 10 feet wide and can weigh several tons. Bald Eagles feed primarily on fish, but also eat small animals (ducks,! coots, muskrats, turtles, rabbits, snakes, etc.) and occasional carrion (dead animals). Eagles swoop down to seize fish in their talons and carry it off, but can only lift about half of their weight. Bald Eagles can even swim to shore with a heavy fish using their strong wings as paddles. However, it is also possible that they can drown if the fish weighs too much. The Golden Eagle is a large brown and golden colored eagle that can be found in a variety of habitats in the western North America region including mountainous areas, canyons, shrub-land and grasslands. The Golden Eagle can also be found in Europe, Asia and northern Africa. The breeding range in North America includes north central Mexico, the western United States as far east as the Dakotas, Kansas and Texas, also Alaska, and across northern Canada. This bird of prey can weigh up to 15 pounds and can have a wingspan of 6 to 8 feet and a length of 30-40 inches. Females are often more noticeably larger than males as is true with most birds of prey. Young (immature) Eagles have a patch of white on the tail, and the adult tail is gray and brown. The Golden Eagle also builds large their nest out of sticks and twigs in a tree or on a cliff. The female lays 1-4 eggs (usually 2) and often does most of the incubation. The males provide most of the food while the females feed and tend! the